40 percent of young adults with autism spectrum disorder attend college after high school.
Autism and Education
This statistic highlights the growing trend of autistic students pursuing higher education. Many of these students face unique challenges in college, such as navigating social situations and managing their coursework. Despite these challenges, a significant number of autistic students are able to succeed in college and go on to graduate.
College Support Services
Colleges and universities are increasingly recognizing the need to provide support services for autistic students. These services may include accommodations such as extra time to complete assignments, note-takers, and access to counseling services. By providing these services, colleges can help autistic students to succeed and reach their full potential. As a result, more autistic students are able to attend college and achieve their educational goals. This is a positive trend that is likely to continue in the future.
Expert opinions
Dr. Emily Carter, Developmental Psychologist & Autism Spectrum Specialist
What Percentage of Autistic Kids Go to College? A Comprehensive Overview
As a developmental psychologist specializing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), I’m frequently asked about post-secondary education for autistic individuals. It’s a complex question with a nuanced answer, as many factors influence college attendance rates. Here’s a detailed breakdown of what the current research shows:
The Core Statistics – Lower, But Growing:
Historically, autistic individuals have been significantly underrepresented in higher education compared to their neurotypical peers. Current estimates suggest that around 34-46% of autistic high school graduates enroll in some form of post-secondary education (college, university, vocational school, or certificate programs). This is considerably lower than the roughly 62-70% enrollment rate for students without autism.
However, it's crucial to understand this number is increasing. Awareness is growing, support systems are improving, and more autistic students are recognizing college as a viable path.
Why the Disparity? Several Key Factors Contribute:
- Diagnostic Access & Identification: Historically, autism was often diagnosed later in life, or not at all. Students who weren’t identified until late high school or adulthood may not have received the necessary supports to prepare for college. While diagnosis rates are improving, disparities still exist based on socioeconomic status, race, and gender.
- Academic Preparation & Support Needs: Autistic students often have varying academic profiles. Some excel in specific areas, while others may struggle with executive functioning skills (organization, time management, planning) which are crucial for college success. Insufficient access to individualized education programs (IEPs) and transition planning can leave students unprepared.
- Social and Emotional Challenges: College life presents significant social demands. Difficulties with social communication, navigating unwritten social rules, and sensory sensitivities can create significant barriers to integration and well-being.
- Financial Considerations: College is expensive. The added costs of potential support services (tutoring, counseling, accommodations) can be a significant hurdle for families.
- Self-Advocacy Skills: Successfully navigating college requires students to advocate for their needs. Many autistic students benefit from explicit instruction in self-advocacy skills, which may not be consistently provided.
- Lack of Awareness and Acceptance: While improving, some colleges and universities still lack the understanding and resources to effectively support autistic students.
Breaking Down the Numbers – Important Considerations:
- Intellectual Ability Matters: The percentage of autistic students attending college is significantly higher for those without intellectual disability. For autistic students with average or above-average intelligence, the college enrollment rate can be closer to 50-60%.
- Type of Institution: Two-year community colleges often see higher enrollment rates of autistic students than four-year universities. This may be due to factors like smaller class sizes, more readily available support services, and a greater focus on vocational training.
- Specific Programs: Increasingly, colleges are offering specialized programs specifically designed for autistic students. These programs often provide intensive support in areas like social skills, executive functioning, and career planning, and boast impressive retention and graduation rates. (Examples include programs at Landmark College, University of Delaware, and Drexel University).
- Gender Differences: Some research suggests that autistic females may be underdiagnosed, potentially impacting enrollment statistics. There's also evidence suggesting that autistic females may face unique social challenges in college environments.
What's Being Done to Improve Outcomes?
There’s a growing movement to improve access and support for autistic students in higher education:
- Transition Planning: Stronger transition planning services in high school, focused on college preparation and self-advocacy.
- Increased Accessibility: Colleges are becoming more aware of the need for accommodations (sensory-friendly spaces, flexible deadlines, alternative testing formats).
- Support Programs: The growth of specialized programs designed for autistic students.
- Faculty Training: Educating faculty about autism and how to best support autistic students in their classrooms.
- Peer Support Networks: Creating opportunities for autistic students to connect with one another.
Looking Ahead:
While the percentage of autistic students attending college is still lower than that of their neurotypical peers, the trend is positive. Continued research, increased awareness, and a commitment to creating inclusive and supportive college environments will be vital to ensuring that all autistic students have the opportunity to pursue their educational goals.
Resources for Further Information:
- Autism Speaks: https://www.autismspeaks.org/
- The Asperger/Autism Network (AANE): https://www.aane.org/
- Think College: https://thinkcollege.net/
Disclaimer: These statistics are based on current research and are subject to change. Individual experiences will vary.
What Percentage of Autistic Kids Go to College? – FAQs
Q: What is the current college enrollment rate for autistic students compared to neurotypical students?
A: Currently, around 34-46% of autistic young adults enroll in college, significantly lower than the 62-73% enrollment rate for neurotypical peers. This gap highlights disparities in access and support.
Q: Has the percentage of autistic students attending college been increasing or decreasing in recent years?
A: It’s been steadily increasing over the past two decades. Greater awareness, improved support services, and advocacy efforts are contributing to this positive trend.
Q: Does the type of autism diagnosis (severity) impact college attendance rates?
A: Yes, students with higher support needs generally have lower college enrollment rates. Those diagnosed with Asperger’s/Autism Level 1 are more likely to attend than those with more significant support requirements.
Q: Are there differences in college enrollment rates based on gender identity within the autistic community?
A: Emerging research suggests autistic females are historically underdiagnosed, potentially impacting reported enrollment numbers. More research is needed, but initial data suggests enrollment rates may differ.
Q: What are the biggest barriers preventing autistic students from attending college?
A: Common barriers include navigating the application process, financial concerns, lack of appropriate accommodations, and social/emotional challenges related to the college environment. Transition planning is crucial.
Q: What resources are available to help autistic students prepare for and succeed in college?
A: Numerous resources exist, including Think College, the Autism Speaks Resource Guide, and disability services offices at individual colleges. These provide support with academics, social skills, and independent living.
Q: Is there a difference in college completion rates between autistic and neurotypical students?
A: Autistic students have historically had lower college completion rates. However, with appropriate support and accommodations, they can achieve similar success rates to their neurotypical peers.
Sources
- Grandin Temple. The Way I See It: A Personal Look at Autism and Asperger’s. Arlington: Future Horizons, 2011.
- Wolfberg Pamela. Peer Play and the Autism Spectrum: The Art of Guiding Children’s Socialization and Supporting Friendship. New York: Guilford Press, 2009.
- “Autism Speaks Guide to College”. Site: Autism Speaks – autismspeaks.org
- “Supporting Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder in College”. Site: The National Autistic Society – autism.org.uk
